A Dedicated Machine is required for MailServ.
Pentium II 450 MHz
128MB RAM
1.44 MB Floppy Disk Drive
4.3 GB Hard disk or Above, Configured As Primary Master
IDE CD-Rom Drive (Internal)
2 Serial 1 Parallel Ports
108 Key Keyboard
Ethernet Card: D-Link (DFE-528 TX / DFE-538 TX) PCI Card, Intel Ether Express (preferred)
Monitor (Color or B/W).
NOTE: Color Monitor and CD-ROM are required at the time of Installation Only.
Either of the following:
33.6 KBPS Modem (external) - PSTN dial-up External (Internal modems cannot be used)
T.A (external) - ISDN
Leased line & cable connectivity require a second Ethernet card to be present in the system.
In the system’s BIOS (CMOS) setup, change boot sequence so that the primary booting option is set to CD-ROM.
Given below is a generic example on how to change the boot-up sequence. The CMOS setup options can vary from one PC to other.
In Advance Setup - Boot up sequence - Change CD-ROM as primary boot option & save it & exit.
NOTE: The MailServ Software will Format and Erase all your existing data if any, on the Hard disk provided by you for installation.
Step 1
Insert the MailServ 3.0 CD in CD Drive and restart the computer
First the base software components will get installed automatically & the machine will reboot when finished.
As PC reboots, remove the MailServ CD from CD Drive.
Step 2
For helping you in the installation process, we have used some dummy values in the boxes shown below. While installing the MailServ, type the actual values relevant for your organization.
1. The hostname for the server by which it will be known and configured.
NOTE: It is compulsory to keep the hostname as “netserv”.
2. The Global Domain name, used by your organization and which is registered on the Internet.
3. This is an alias domain name which is of the form locationname.globaldomain and is provided by Netcore Solutions.
4. The IP address for the Mail Server. If you are using DHCP in your network then you need to exclude one IP address from DHCP and then assign it to Mail Server. The MailServ software requires a static IP address to be assigned to it.
5. The Netmask corresponding to IP Addressing system followed in the networking of your organization.
6. Use “Space Bar” to select option applicable to your needs. If you are going to use Netcore Mail Server for both sending and receiving mails then keep both options Selected.
An “X” mark denotes that option is selected. The space bar from your keyboard will toggle the X mark for you for selecting or deselecting for you
7. If you are using the Netcore Mail Server for your mails then you need a login to connect and transact your mails. Enter the login and Password respectively when prompted. Netcore Solutions will provide the Login and Password to you.
8. This is the email id of Administrator managing this location, to which various notifications and alerts will be sent automatically
9. If you are having or going to install MailServ 3.0 in various other branches of your organization then choose the option “Yes” else choose “No”
10. If this MailServ server is going to interact with other servers like Lotus Notes or Exchange, CC Mail in your organization for mails then choose the option “Yes”
11. If you have selected “Yes” for the above integration option you will be prompted for the IP of the messaging server.
12.
In the End you will be presented with this Screen, which shows all the
parameters entered by you. In case of doubt or if you wish to change any of
options choose the “Cancel” option. You will be again prompted for all the
above questions. You can then make necessary changes.
Once you are finished with all the questions, the system will automatically configure and customize itself further based upon the parameters provided by you.
After installing & configuration is complete the machine will once again reboot itself.
After the machine boots up and when you get the following text on the screen, it would denote that the Mail Server is now Up and Fully Functional
Step 3
Further Configuration can be done by going to Explorer and typing the following URL from any Windows 95/98/2000 machine on your LAN
http://(IP address of MailServ system)/admin
E.g. http://192.168.2.200/admin
Here, You would have to enter the username and password for viewing the admin front-end. The default values are:
username -> “admin”
password -> “Brain$2”
NOTE: For security reasons, please change the admin password using the Admin Interface. (System -> Admin -> Change Password, refer to section 1.1.1 of the admin manual for more details)
Before configuring your MailServ, Please upload the License provided by Netcore using the Admin Interface. (System -> Upload License, refer to section 1.5 of the admin manual for more details)
You can refer to the admin manual for further configuration on the MailServ Server.
The System section has various maintenance, admin and system related functions necessary for the healthy upkeep of MailServ in general.
Functions applicable to the System Administrator.
1.1.1
System : Admin : Change Password
Password is used to restrict access to the admin functions.
Password should preferably be alphanumeric.
Type the existing password in the "Old Password" box.
Enter the new password in the "New Password" box.
Confirm the new password in the "Re-enter New Password" box.
Click on "Change" button to commit the changes.
The "Clear" button is used to clear whatever you have typed in the boxes.
1.1.2
System : Admin : Change Email
This screen allows you to specify / change Admin email addresses.
Update notices, patches and other communications meant for the system admin are sent to email addresses listed here.
E.g. Antivirus update notifications, new RPMs etc.
NOTE: You can give multiple email addresses by separating them with comma (,)
1.1.3 Admin : SubAdmin Frontend
This screen allows the SuperAdmin to allocate a frontend to a lower level admin with limited access to the menus.
This provision is useful for helpdesk and subadmins where the entire menu list is not mandatory. Providing a specific set of menus and not allowing them access to the intricate details of MailServ makes it easier for Helpdesk/Sub Admins to concentrate their efforts on their area of expertise.
The default option allows the super admin to view the subadmin frontend in a collapsed format. To view in expanded format he/she can either click "To view the expanded tree click here" or simply click the "+" sign besides each menu.
If the SuperAdmin wishes to allocate a particular menu to the Admin/Helpdesk, the checkbox corresponding to that option needs to be checked.
For example:
To enable the System - Reboot option, click on System. In the expanded view, check mark the Reboot option and then click on Submit.
1.1.4 Admin : Change SuperAdmin Password:
The superadmin's password can be changed from this page.
To change the password:
Enter the old password in Old Password Box.
Enter the new password in New Password Box.
Re-enter the same "new" password in the Re-Enter New Password Box.
Maintenance routines should be taken up as part of contingency procedures and also to optimize MailServ's performance.
1.2.1
System : Maintenance : Backup
Backups are imperative for disaster recovery and restoration of status.
This protects the data in events like system crashes, virus attacks and other unforeseen disasters.
Necessary user and system configuration files as well as user data are taken as backup.
NOTE: Make sure to periodically download the Backup files from MailServ onto your local machine. This is necessary because in order to restore a backup, it has to be present on the local machine from where the restoration takes place.
1.2.1.1 System : Maintenance : Backup : Backup Now
If you want a backup to be taken apart from what is Scheduled, click on this command to take one immediately.
A backup of all necessary data on MailServ is archived and stored.
And also copied on a Windows machine if enabled under Setup Windows Replication.
1.2.1.2 System : Maintenance : Backup : Setup Windows Replication
By default the backup is stored on MailServ.
With this function you can make an additional copy on a Windows machine.
Select "Enable" to enable copying archives on a Windows machine.
Machine Name: Fill this text box with the name of the Windows machine to be used for storing the backup files.
Share Name: The directory on Windows machine that will store the backup files. Enter the name of shared folder / directory in this textbox.
Share Password: Required if the shared folder specified above has an access password. Optional field.
User Name: An optional field to be filled only for Windows NT machines.
1.2.1.3 System : Maintenance : Backup : Download
It contains list of all previously taken backups along with date at which backup was taken and a corresponding "Download Here" link to save the file on local hard disk.
Click on the "Download" link to download the backup file on your local machine.
NOTE: Backups older than 7 days are removed automatically from the system.
1.2.1.4 System : Maintenance : Backup : Restore
Restores MailServ state from a previously backed-up file.
Click on "Browse" to choose from the local machine, the archive that should be restored.
Click on "Restore" to overwrite all existing files on MailServ by those in the archive.
WARNING: The restore process will overwrite your existing files.
1.2.2
System : Maintenance : Optimize Disk Space
This option can be used to create some disk space on MailServ.
When you click on this option, old log files are deleted from the disk.
1.2.3
System : Maintenance : Upgrade
Updates to MailServ can be installed from here.
Upgrade modules are available from MailServ's website for download at http://www.nsmailserv.com/upgrades/
Put the module files on the local machine.
Click "Browse" to select the new module file from local machine.
Click "Submit" to install it on MailServ.
MailServ is a licensed product.
In order to start using the system it has to be registered first.
This option helps you to view the existing license and upload a new license.
1.3.1
System : License : View
This screen shows the license details.
The number of users allowed, expiry date for the license, whether web-based interface for mails is provided or not and local and global domain names.
1.3.2
System : License : Upload
A file containing the License Key will be either supplied to you on purchase of the product or you can get it using the following URL. http://www.nsmailserv.com/register/
You would be asked to fill a form. After you submit the request for license key, you would get a mail from our side, containing license key and manual, on the email id provided by you while filling the form.
Click "Browse" to select the License Key file from local machine and then click on "Upload".
NOTE: The product gets registered / activated only if the file contains a valid license key.
This command is used to reboot the MailServ system.
This command is used to shutdown the MailServ system.
This section consists functions to configure and setup Modems, ISPs, RAS, Mailing and other network related services.
This sub-section provides Modem related functions for setting up Dial-Out, RAS etc.
2.1.1
Network : Modem : Select
This function is to select the COM Port on which your modem is attached.
Click the "Enable" option of the COM port to be enabled for dialing-out.
Click the "Submit" button to apply the change.
2.1.2
Network : Modem : Configure
You can configure various Modem related settings here.
The first screen displays a list of available COM ports.
Modem is connected to the COM port marked in red.
Click on the COM port to configure the Modem on it.
The next screen shows all the modem settings you can configure.
Click on "Update Settings" to apply the changes.
NOTE: You are modifying the settings of an enabled COM port.
2.1.3
Network : Modem : Enable RAS
RAS (Remote Access Service) makes it possible to use MailServ from a remote location other than your office. When a person is at home he can connect to MailServ by dialing into it and have access to the services provided by MailServ.
You need to have an extra modem to which a direct number phone line is attached and a COM port to use this service, so one modem can be used to connect to Internet and the other can be used to provide remote access services.
Select the COM port to which a modem is connected allowing remote dial-in.
Remote Machine IP: Static local LAN IP address to be assigned to the remotely connected machine.
Click on the "Enable RAS" button to enable this service.
NOTE: COM port used by MailServ to connect to the Internet is not listed.
2.1.4
Network : Modem : Disable RAS
Click this command to disable remote dialing into MailServ.
This sub-section has all ISP related functions.
2.2.1
Network : ISP : Add
Add a new ISP for connecting to the Internet using this option.
NOTE: After adding an ISP it has to be selected i.e. enabled to be used for dialing when MailServ tries to connect to the Internet.
ISP Name: Name by which the connection can be identified, usually your ISP's name.
COM port: Select the COM port to which the modem is attached to be used for dialing out for this ISP.
Dialing Numbers: Enter the phone numbers provided by your ISP for dialing.
Click "Enable" if the corresponding number is to be used while dialing or click on "Disable".
Login / Password: Provide the login and password you use to sign on to your ISP.
NOTE: If your ISP provides PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) you can skip the next two steps.
Does your ISP prompt you for a login: Select Yes, if you need to enter your login / password every time you connect to your ISP.
Username / Password Prompt: Authentication prompt provided by the ISP that appears requesting you to enter your username and password. Enter the actual string that appears at the prompt and not your ISP username and password.
E.g. Login or Username / Password
Does your ISP provide AutoPPP facility: Select "No" if the ISP requires typing the string "ppp" or something similar after successful authentication.
If NO, then please enter the PPP prompt: Enter the prompt, usually a ">" sign that appears when successfully authenticated by ISP and asking you to type "ppp".
PPP Text: Enter the string provided by your ISP, usually "ppp".
2.2.2
Network : ISP : Modify
Modify details of an existing ISP from here.
First select the ISP you want to modify and click on "Next".
Pre-filled details are shown and you can change them as required.
Click on "Modify" to apply the changes.
2.2.3
Network : ISP : Delete
Already existing ISP accounts can be deleted by using this option.
Check all the ISPs to be removed and click on "Remove".
2.2.4
Network : ISP : Login / Password
This option allows you to change the login/password of an ISP account.
Enter the modified Login / Password for the ISP in it's corresponding boxes.
Click on "Update" to apply the changes.
2.2.5
Network : ISP : Dialing Numbers
Phone numbers required to connect to a particular ISP can be added over here.
Multiple dialing numbers of an ISP can be added.
Select the ISP from the dropdown.
Enter its dialing number in the corresponding box.
NOTE: Enter only one number per box.
2.2.6
Network : ISP : Select Numbers
The dialing numbers entered above need to be enabled to be chosen while MailServ dials out to connect to the Internet. You can select multiple numbers.
If one number is busy it dials the next number present in the selected list.
2.2.7
Network : ISP : Select ISP
This option lets you select an ISP that is be used while connecting to the Internet.
Click on "Enable" next to the ISP which is to be used while dialing out.
Multiple ISPs can be enabled for dialing into the net.
The enabled COM port, on which a modem is connected for dialing out, is indicated by *.
2.2.8
Network : ISP : Go Online
If you are not connected to the Internet, MailServ will attempt to connect using the chosen numbers of the selected ISP account whose Modem has been enabled to be used for dialing out.
2.2.9
Network : ISP : Go Offline
Use this option to forcefully disconnect from the Internet.
This sub-section contains functions for configuring all mailing related functions of MailServ.
2.3.1
Network : Email Setup : Configure Mail Server
Configure MailServ's mailing related settings from here.
Current Mail Relay: Shows the currently set Mail Relay.
Mail Relay: By default, UUCP (Unix to Unix Copy Protocol) is used for mail transactions with the Netcore Mail Server.
Direct: This would make MailServ talk with Internet directly without the Netcore Mail Server playing any part.
UUCP: Choose this option if you want to use the Netcore Mail Server for relaying.
SMTP Relay: MailServ would use the specified SMTP server and that server would then take care of sending your mails across.
Relay Server: Name / IP of the relaying server. This is the actual machine that relays the mails.
Max Outgoing Size (in KB): Enter the maximum size an individual outgoing mail can have. If the mail size exceeds the given limit, the mail doesn't go out and bounces back to the user.
NOTE: Mail size also includes the mail headers created by the mail client.
Therefore the actual size of the mail should be slightly less than the Max Outgoing Size.
Higher the mail size more the delay in sending mail.
2.3.2
Network : Email Setup : External Mail Fetcher
You can configure MailServ to fetch mails from a POP3 or an IMAP server other than the Netcore Mail Server.
Click on "Enabled" if you wish to make use of this service.
Select the "Keep copy on Server" option if you want to keep a copy of your email on the remote server. If not, then select "Delete from Server" and all downloaded emails shall be deleted from the remote server. This is a useful option if one receives lot of emails and don't like to clog their inboxes.
Domain Name: Enter the name of the domain that has been configured on your network.
Find the configured domain name under Status : System Usage.
Server Type: The type of service (IMAP / POP3) used by your email service provider.
Server: Enter the Server name from where you want to fetch the mails. It is the part that appears after "@" sign in an email address. E.g. bom5.vsnl.net.in, pop.yahoo.com
Username/Password: Specify the username and password of your mail account on the server from which you are fetching the mails.
Frequency of mail fetch: This determines the time interval in hours and minutes for downloading mails from your remote server.
Connect to Internet: Check the option, if you wish to connect to Internet and retrieve emails from your server.
2.3.3
Network : Email Setup : Multi-Domain
MailServ Domain: Enter the Domain name for which all mails will reside on MailServ.
Domain for SMTP: Enter the Domain name for which all the mails will be transferred to your SMTP Server (Lotus Notes / Exchange / CC Mail Server). This option is only available if, at the time of installation you have chosen the option - "Integration with other messaging system".
NOTE: Leave space between two consecutive entries in both the fields.
2.3.4 Network : Email Setup : Watchdog
Watchdog is a mail-tracking feature that monitors both incoming and outgoing emails of the organisation.
Watchdog feature makes it possible to send an additional copy of all emails to a specific email address. The specified email address is hidden from all users.
To Enable/Disable this feature, click on the appropriate radio button.
Enter the email address in the provided box where all incoming/outgoing emails will arrive. A valid email address (abc@xyz.com) should be entered.
2.3.5 Network : Email Setup : Block
Attachments
Emails sometimes have a potentially destructive worm or
virus in form of attachments accompanying them, which if downloaded and/or
executed can infect the system or worst bring down the entire to a grinding
server.
The benefits of blocking specific file types are numerous as they are simple to
implement, offer an easy way to prevent virus attacks, don’t clog up your inbox
space to name a few.
Using this screen it is possible to block emails having attachments with specific extension (such as .exe or .scr or .pif)
The screen shows the list of attachments that are already blocked.
To block an attachment with a specific extension, click on Add new.
Enter a new extension in the text box provided. Each box can contain only one extension.
Block attachment feature can be Enabled/Disabled by clicking on the appropriate radio button.
To delete a particular rule, click on the delete link corresponding to the particular row. A confirmation (OK/Cancel) button pop-up’s to confirm the changes.
2.3.6 Network : Email Setup : Checking of
Ids / MailSize
In an organisation, it is possible that not all users are allowed to receive/send external mails (mails arriving from the internet) or emails that exceed a specific size are not sent/downloaded.
Checking of Ids: This option provides the facility to allow a particular user to send/receive emails from the Internet provided the user flag is set. However, even if the user does not have access to send/receive emails from the Internet, emails from/to the company domain (internal emails) can still be received/sent by the user.
Checking MailSize: This option provides facility to check the size of incoming/outgoing email.
2.3.7 Network : Email Setup : Subject
Block
Incoming emails with a specific subject line can be blocked.
To add a new subject line, click on Add New
Enter the subject line to be blocked in the text box provided. Only one subject line per box. To block emails having the subject: Earn $15 in 2 minutes, enter "Earn $15 in 2 minutes" in the text box provided. Subject lines are not case sensitive.
Click on Submit to finalize changes.
The service can be enabled/disabled by clicking on the relevant radio button.
2.3.8 Network : Email Setup : SMS IM
SMSIM makes it possible to send specific alerts via SMS (Short Service Message) on your cell phone or as an IM (Internet Message) when a particular email arrives.
To add a member, enter his/her user ID in the text box provided and click on Add.
To delete a member, single click on the ID in the Selected Ids Box and click on Remove. Multiple IDs can be selected using the "ctrl" key.
To modify a particular user’s details such as mobile phone number, instant messenger id kindly refer to section 3.1.4 (Users: Manage Users: Modify)
If you want to search for an existing user, click on "Search for User IDs". In the screen that pops up, make the appropriate selection in the Look in column (Login, Full name or Title), criteria (contains, exact match or begins with) and enter the search string in the provided box.
The service can be enabled/disabled by clicking on the relevant radio button.
Telnet access is used for logging into MailServ from a remote machine. It is useful when one needs to access MailServ and perform some administrative tasks.
2.4.1
Network : Telnet Access : Enable Selective
Enter list of IP addresses that are allowed to access the MailServ machine via telnet. Telnet facility will be allowed only to systems which are mentioned above.
You can specify the Subnet address to enable all machines on a network. e.g. 192.168.2.
NOTE: Notice the mandatory trailing dot (.) in the Subnet address above.
2.4.2
Network : Telnet Access : Enable All
Click this option if you want to allow any IP address to access MailServ via telnet.
2.4.3
Network : Telnet Access : Disable All
This option disables telnet access altogether to MailServ.
This sub-section has the different types of connections that can be used for connecting to the Internet.
2.5.1
Network : Internet Connectivity : Dial-Up
Click this option if you want to connect using a dial-up PSTN account.
2.5.2
Network : Internet Connectivity : Lease / Cable
Use this function if you have leased line or a cable connection to the Internet.
Enter the Gateway IP Address in the text box and click on "Submit".
This sub-section handles all high level and one-time setup tasks.
2.6.1
Network : Advanced : Configure IP
Use this option if IP address and subnet mask of MailServ needs to be changed.
On the first screen select the interface that has to be changed and click "Next".
In the next screen enter the new IP address and Netmask.
WARNING: MailServ will be rebooted in order to apply these changes.
2.6.2
Network : Advanced : Configure Network Routing
Routes to networks can be Added / Edited / Deleted using this function.
Click on "Add" to add a new route. This takes you to the add screen.
Network: Fill the Network ID for which you wish to add route e.g. (192.168.10.0).
NetMask: Enter Netmask for the above-mentioned network ID.
Gateway: Enter the IP address of the gateway system used to reach the above network.
Interface: Select the appropriate interface such as eth0 (Ethernet card0), eth1 (Ethernet card 1) that will be used to route information.
In order to modify an existing route click on it's "Network" id.
To delete a route, click it's corresponding checkbox and press "Delete".
It is possible to delete multiple routes at the same time.
2.6.3
Network : Advanced : Modify SMTP Server IP
If MailServ is integrated with other messaging services such as Lotus Notes / Domino, MS Exchange or CCMail, then you can configure the SMTP server IP using this option.
You can modify the SMTP server for MailServ by giving the IP address of the new SMTP server.
Enter the IP address and click on "Change" to apply.
2.6.4
Network : Advanced : Configure Reverse Lookup
Computers of another local network can be connected to MailServ.
E.g. MailServ has an IP address 192.168.1.1 and its netmask is 255.255.25.0.
Then all machines on the network 192.168.1.0 can use MailServ directly.
However a machine with IP address 192.168.2.x cannot connect to MailServ.
Using Reverse Lookup one can work around such a problem.
To add a network for Reverse Lookup, enter its network id.
Network ID: The Network ID of the network to be added.
E.g. For the network 192.168.2.* having a netmask of 255.255.255.0, the Network ID is 192.168.2.0
In order to delete a network, select the network and click on "Delete".
2.6.5
Network : Advanced : IP Forwarding
Certain software need a direct connection to Internet and don't work behind a Proxy Server.
Select the internal network / interface for which IP Forwarding has to be enabled. E.g. eth0
2.6.6 Network : Advanced : Add/Delete
Workgroup
It is essential to create a workgroup for sharing files between Windows and Linux machines. A workgroup name serves as a reference point for SAMBA that is a tool for sharing files/folders between Linux and Windows machines.
After creating a workgroup, one can share files/folders. An explanation on how the same can be achieved is explained below.
This screen makes it possible to add/delete a workgroup to MailServ. To add a new workgroup, enter its name in the text box provided and click on Submit.
To delete an existing workgroup, enter its name in the text box provided and click on Delete.
Before deleting an existing workgroup, all the corresponding shared directory and shared Printer have to be deleted.
2.6.7 Network : Advanced : File Server
This screen shows the Workgroup and Directory/Directories shared.
To add a new directory, click on "Add a new directory" and enter the Directory/Directories to be shared in the corresponding text box.
An existing directory can be renamed by clicking on "Change Existing Directory name." Select the directory's name from the drop down box whose name you wish to change. Enter the new name in the text box given.
An existing directory can be deleted by clicking on "Delete a Directory". The screen gives a list of shared directories. Select the directory to be deleted and click on Submit.
2.6.8 Network : Advanced : Printer Server
Setup
The print server makes it possible to add a Workgroup.
Click on "Add Workgroup" and follow the instructions given in 2.6.6.
2.6.9 Network : Advanced : Printer
Management
This screen gives a detailed listing of the print jobs being handled by MailServ.
It also makes it possible to View the Document, their size and time at which the job commenced.
There is also a provision to purge the documents that are already in the Print Queue.
2.6.10 Network : Advanced : Restore
System
This screen makes it possible to "Restore" system files that are infected/corrupted or deleted.
The first column provides a listing of all the infected files whereas the final column contains a listing of all files. To restore a particular file, select it (use control key for selecting multiple files) and click on Recover.
After making changes with certain functions such as Adding Routes etc., the network services on MailServ needs to be restarted for changes to take effect.
This section has functions for managing users and setting up personalized configurations for individual users.
This sub-section helps the admin to add, modify or delete users. It also contains functions to customize individual settings for a user for various tasks.
3.1.1
Users : Manage Users : Quick Add
Use this option to quickly add a single user or multiple users with minimum details.
Full Name: Enter the name of the user whose account is being created.
Login: The Login ID forms the email id of the user.
NOTE:
It can be alphanumeric i.e. contain letters and numbers.
Can contain the underscore (_) and hyphen (-) signs.
No other special characters are allowed.
It has to begin with a letter.
Password: It should be of minimum 3 letters.
Mail Quota: Storage space in Kilobytes (KB).
By default it is pre-filled with the value of the default quota.
You can enter here a value different from the default quota that should be assigned to inbox of the user.
Set to Default Quota: If this box is checked the default quota is assigned.
Allow Proxy: Click on "Yes" to allow the user to browse the Internet else on "No".
NOTE: All the fields are compulsory.
3.1.2
Users : Manage Users : Detailed Add
Use this option to add users along with their complete profile.
Login ID: The Login ID forms the email id of the user.
NOTE:
It can be alphanumeric i.e. contain letters and numbers.
Can contain the underscore (_) and hyphen (-) signs.
No other special characters are allowed.
It has to begin with a letter.
Password: It should be of minimum 3 letters.
Display Name: Enter the name of the user whose account is being created.
Mail Quota: By default it is set to the value of the default quota.
To change it, enter the quota (storage space in KB) that should be assigned to inbox of the user. To assign value of the default quota, check the "Set to Global Quota" box.
Allow Proxy: Click on "Yes" to allow the user to browse the Internet else click "No".
Incoming Flag: Determines whether the user is allowed to receive mails or not.
Outgoing Flag: Determines whether the user is allowed to send mails over the Internet or not. Mails to local MailServ users are allowed.
Incoming Mail size: The maximum size of a single incoming mail for this user. (Including the size of attachments and headers)
Outgoing Mail size: The maximum size of a single outgoing mail for this user. (Including the size of attachments and headers)
Click on "Add User" button to commit changes.
3.1.3
Users : Manage Users : Bulk Upload
This option lets you add users in bulk from a data file prepared locally.
It saves time and is helpful while working with a large number of users.
Download a sample file to know the file format and prepare the data accordingly.
You can also download data for the existing user's from here.
The structure of the data file has to confirm to the structure of the sample file.
Click on "Browse" to choose the data file from local machine.
Clicking on "Submit" will upload the file and add the Users in it.
Guidelines for preparing the data file: -
· Mode - This denotes the action to be taken on the corresponding record.
§ A: If this is the mode then the record is added.
§ M: This mode is used to modify an already existing record.
§ D: Deletes the record.
· Mail Flag - Decides whether a record is a local mailbox or an address book entry.
§ 1: Denotes the record as mailbox on local MailServ.
§ 0: Record is added as an address-book entry only and no mailbox is created.
Local Domain - The sub-domain of the local MailServ.
The following fields are compulsory: -
Mode, Mail Flag, Proxy Flag, Incoming Flag, Outgoing Flag
· If “Set to Default Quota” is ‘0’ and ”Mail Quota” is left blank then the “Mail Quota” is by default set to ‘Unlimited’.
· If “Mail Flag” is 1
§ “Login ID” is compulsory
§ “Email” i s optional
· If "Mail Flag" is 0
§
"Login ID" is optional
§ "Email" is compulsory
§ "Local Domain" is optional
3.1.4
Users : Manage Users : Modify
Used this function to modify user details such as display name, home address etc.
Only the user profile can be changed using this option.
It is not possible to change the password of the user from here.
The first screen shows a list of existing users.
Click on the user's Login name whose profile has to be modified.
3.1.5
Users : Manage Users : Modify Password
This function is used to change the password of a user.
The first screen shows a list of existing users.
Click on the user's Login name whose password is to be modified.
It should be of minimum 3 letters.
3.1.6
Users : Manage Users : Delete
Use this function to delete existing users.
Select the users you want to delete and click on "Delete Selected".
NOTE: Postmaster is a System User. It cannot be deleted.
3.1.7
Users : Manage Users : View
This screen shows a list of existing users and also the total number of existing users on the MailServ.
Click on the user's Login name whose profile you want to view.
3.1.8
Users : Manage Users : Vacation Response
This function is used to send an automated reply with the specified message to every mail received by a user. It is similar to an auto responder.
E.g. whenever a user is on a vacation, the admin can fill out this form with a Vacation Message. An automated reply with the Vacation Message will be sent to every mail received by the user.
The first screen shows a list of existing users.
Click on the user's Login name who’s Vacation Response is to be configured.
Login: User for whom the Vacation Message is being set.
Status: Click on the enable option to activate Vacation Response.
Clicking on "Disable" stops the auto-responding.
Frequency of Response: Indicates that only one auto-response goes to a sender of mail during the period specified in numbers of days.
E.g. If it is set to 2 days then even if someuser@example.com sends three mails in a period of two days he wouldn't get more than one auto-response.
To delete the user vacation response click on the "Delete Auto-responder" button.
NOTE: Vacation Response cannot be enabled if a user has Forwarding activated.
3.1.9
Users : Manage Users : Forwarding
If a person is likely to be out of office for some time, his mails can be forwarded to an alternative account which he has access to.
All incoming mails will be automatically forwarded to that email account.
The first screen shows a list of existing users.
Click on the user's Login name who’s Forwarding is to be configured.
Forward To: The destination email address to which mails have to be forwarded.
Keep Copy on Server: A copy of all incoming mails can be stored on MailServ by selecting "Yes".
To disable forwarding of mails click on "Delete Mail Forwarding".
NOTE:
Mails can be forwarded to a single mail account only.
Forwarding cannot be enabled if a user has his "Vacation Response" activated.
Please remember to disable it once the user is back in the office.
3.1.10
Users : Manage Users : External Mail Fetcher
This function helps to fetch emails from external POP3 / IMAP servers for an individual user.
The first screen shows a list of existing users.
Click on the user's Login name who’s Forwarding is to be configured.
Click on "Enabled" if you wish to make use of this service.
Select the "Keep copy on Server" option if you want to keep a copy of your email on the remote server. If not, then select "Delete from Server" and all downloaded emails shall be deleted from the remote server.
Server Type: The type of service (IMAP / POP3) used by your email service provider.
Server: Enter the Server name from where you want to fetch the mails.
Username/Password: Specify the account username and password.
One can create and manage groups of users using this section.
Groups can be used to alias multiple email addresses with a single address.
3.2.1
Users : Manage Groups : Add
This function is used to create a new group of users.
Group ID: Enter the Group ID which will act as an email alias.
NOTE:
It can be alphanumeric i.e. contain letters and numbers.
Can contain the underscore (_) and hyphen (-) signs.
No other special characters are allowed.
It has to begin with a letter.
Group Description: Enter some short title describing the group.
Members:
Type a member’s Login ID in the text box and click "Add".
If the group member is not a user on this MailServ then enter his full email address e.g. externalmember@example.com.
To delete a user from the group click on his ID from the "Selected IDs" box and press the "Remove" button.
To locate a Login ID click on "Search for User IDs".
NOTE: Changes will not take effect until you click on "Submit".
3.2.2
Users : Manage Groups : Modify
You can modify the group profile and change it's members from here.
The first screen shows a list of existing groups.
Click on the Login ID of the group which is to be modified.
3.2.3
Users : Manage Groups : Delete
Delete existing groups from here.
Select the group(s) you want to delete and click on "Submit".
NOTE: Only the group alias is deleted not individual members.
3.2.4
Users : Manage Groups : View
Using this option, you can get details of all the existing groups.
You can also see the total number of groups existing on the MailServ
Click on the Group ID to view it's profile.
User Search provides the flexibility of performing search on various combinations.
Look in: Choose whether you want to search the details of Users or Groups.
Criteria: Select the type of search.
'contains' - Looks for the "Search String" anywhere in the "Search Fields".
'exact match' - Returns those IDs which exactly matches the "Search String".
'begins with' - Returns those IDs which start with the entered "Search String".
Search String: The keyword / text you want to search for.
Search Fields: Choose the data field(s) you want to look into while searching.
NOTE: 'Title' and 'Employee ID' fields are applicable only for 'Users' search
This serves as a common quota for most of the users.
Saving the need to type and remember it when adding a normal user.
Default Quota: Type the maximum mailbox size in Kilobytes for a user.
The "Default Mail Quota" is automatically filled in the "Mail Quota" textbox while adding a User.
This section provides the status of various system resources on MailServ.
Shows a list of pending outgoing emails that are yet to be sent.
If all emails have already been dispatched it displays "No pending mails".
Click on the "Email ID" to view the contents of an email.
To delete mails that are still in the outgoing queue click on it's corresponding checkbox and press "Delete".
Displays the status of MailServ's connection to the Internet.
Connection Status: Displays "Not Connected" if MailServ is not connected to the Internet. Otherwise it shows the mode of connectivity i.e. "Dial-Up" or "Leased Line".
If mode of connectivity is Dial-Up: -
Internet IP: - Dynamic IP allotted to MailServ on connection by the ISP.
ISP: - Name of the ISP used for dialing.
Last Connected on: - Date and Time when MailServ last connected to the Internet.
If mode of connectivity is Leased Line: -
Default Gateway IP Address: - IP address of the Gateway that
MailServ is using for connecting to the
Internet.
This screen displays System Information and Usage Statistics.
System: Antivirus Last Updated: The date when the Antivirus files were last updated.
If Antivirus is not installed it shows "Not Applicable".
Disk Space: Space that is used and Available on each partition.
If the amount of space that is available is low you can increase it by cleaning unwanted files.
Go to "System : Maintenance : Optimize Disk Space" for doing so.
It gives the amount of disk space allocated and used by MailServ users.
User Limit: The maximum disk space (Mail Quota) that has been allotted to the user.
Usage: This is the disk space that is currently occupied by the user's mailbox.
You can modify a user’s Mail Quota by clicking on his "Login".
Shows “Unlimited” if a user no disk space usage limit.
For tasks that need to be performed periodically or at a specific interval of time, the scheduler option can be used.
Email Scheduler is used to setup the schedule for transacting mails with the Netcore Mail Server.
Current Schedule: Details of the current schedule.
Hours: The Hour at which to transact. If you have multiple hours selected it would transact that many times during a day.
Minutes: The time in Minutes at which to transact during the Hour(s) specified above.
If you have multiple minutes selected it would transact those many times during those hours.
Schedule One should preferably be used for Day Time schedule and Schedule Two for Night Time.
Examples:
In order to setup a Day Time schedule to transact mails every 15 minutes between 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. you have to do the following:-
Schedule One -
Under "Hours" select '09', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17'
Under "Minutes" select '00', '15', '30', '45'
Concurrently to setup a Night Time schedule to transact mails every 30 minutes between 6 P.M. and 9 P.M. you have to do the following: -
Schedule Two -
Under "Hours" select '18', '19', '20', '21'
Under "Minutes" select '00', '30'
This function is for setting up a daily schedule for MailServ backups.
By default backup is taken everyday at 12 P.M.
Select the times at which you want the backup to take place.
E.g. If you select the '09', '13' and '17' checkboxes, backup will be taken three times a day at 9 A.M. in the morning, 1 P.M. in the afternoon and 5 P.M. in the evening.
"Reset Scheduler" will re-initialize the scheduler to take backup at the default time of 12 P.M.
NOTE:
There will be only one backup file created for a day. Multiple backups taken during a day will overwrite the previous backup file.
Please take care that the MailServ machine is ON at the time of the schedule otherwise there won't be any backups during that period.
This function is used to set the time interval for fetching mails from the external POP / IMAP server.
From the dropdown select the time interval at which MailServ should query the external server and download any new mails.
If the "Connect to Internet" box is checked then Internet connection will be established if required. Otherwise the external server cannot be checked for new mails if MailServ is not already connected to Internet.
Use this function to stop users from surfing the web during a particular time interval.
This function helps to disable browsing when MailServ is connected to Internet for other purposes.
Select the time periods at which you want to disable browsing and click on "Update".
"Reset Scheduler" clears the existing schedule.
NOTE: Please restart the Proxy service for the changes to take effect.
This function helps to disable MailServ from connecting to Internet during the specified periods of time. MailServ works on the principle of Dial-on-Demand i.e. it connects to the Internet whenever there is a need to do so. But with a "Connectivity Denial" schedule it won't connect even if there is a requirement.
Select the time periods at which to prevent MailServ from connecting to Internet.
"Reset Scheduler" clears the existing schedule.
NOTE: This schedule has the highest precedence i.e. it overrides all other schedules.
E.g. The "Email Scheduler" is setup for 6 P.M. and the "Connectivity Denial" schedule is setup to prevent connection at 6 P.M.. In this case the "Email Scheduler" will be overridden and MailServ would not connect to Internet for mails.
Various reports on how MailServ is being used by users and other activities on it.
All reports about the browsing activity on MailServ are listed here.
6.1.1 Reports : Browsing : IP-wise
Gives the sites being visited by users from a particular IP address.
Details such as Date, Time, IP, User, Site Visited and Bytes are displayed.
Select IP: The computer for which you wish to generate the report.
Number of days: Report will be generated for these many past days.
Select order: To get the report in ascending or descending order.
Click on Page-wise to display the report page-wise or
Click on Complete to display the entire report in a single page.
6.1.2
Reports : Browsing : User-wise
Gives the sites being visited by a particular user.
User: For which you wish to generate the report.
Number of days: Report will be generated for these many past days.
Select order: To get the report in ascending or descending order.
Click on Page-wise to display the report page-wise or
Click on Complete to display the entire report in a single page.
6.1.3
Reports : Browsing : Date-wise
Gives the sites being visited by users during a particular interval of day(s).
Number of days: Report will be generated for these many past days.
Select order: To get the report in ascending or descending order.
Click on Page-wise to display the report page-wise or
Click on Complete to display the entire report in a single page.
It gives a detailed report on the total number of mails transacted by MailServ.
This includes the date, time, sender / recipients email address and the size of email that has been sent using MailServ.
A search facility has been provided to get results for specific criteria.
Number of days: Report will be generated for these many past days.
Select order: To get the report in ascending or descending order.
Sender's email address: While generating user specific report, enter the user's email address here.
Recipient's email address: Put the email address to which the email was sent.
Displays the events happening while the modem is dialing for Internet connection.
If there is any connectivity problem, the admin can check by going through this log.
NOTE: This log is generated only for Dial-up lines.
No logs are generated for connectivity by router, leased line, cable etc.
It displays the total duration, in hours, of a connection to a particular ISP.
Using this option the admin can come to know the total number of hours the server has been connected to the Internet.
Number of days: Report will be generated for these many past days.
ISP: Select the ISP. Choose “All” to generate for all the ISPs.
Select order: To get the report in ascending or descending order.
NOTE: This facility doesn't exist for connectivity by router, leased line, cable etc.
Various reports are presented in a graphical format here.
System Load Averages: A Graphical analysis of how heavily the System was loaded processing various requests.
Pending Emails: Graphical analysis of number of emails that were pending in queue awaiting transaction at a particular time of the day.
Total Number of Emails Transacted: Graph denoting an incremental total of emails transacted successfully at that time of day.
Data transacted through interface eth?: The incoming and outgoing traffic measured in bytes on a particular LAN interface.
Data transacted through interface ppp?: The incoming and outgoing traffic measured in bytes on a particular Dial-Up interface. This is applicable only if the connection mode is Dial-Up.
NOTE: Replace the question mark (?) with the proper number.
E.g. eth0, eth1, ppp0, ppp1
A firewall is a set of programs residing on a “gateway server” that protect the resources of a private network (intranet) from users belonging to other network.
“Firewall logs” log all activities taking place on the server thereby serving as a monitoring tool for the system administrator giving him/her an overview of the various attacks happening on the system.
Firewall logs catering to specific needs of the suadmin/admin can be viewed via this screen.
View Reports for last days: Select the number of days from the drop-down menu whose reports you wish to view.
Chronological: The reports can be sorted in Ascending/Descending order.
Action: Drop/Accept/Any it is possible to restrict your search to a specific Source IP, Source Port, Destination IP, Destination Port, Protocol by entering appropriate text in the text boxes or choice from the drop down menu.
If Yes is selected for the export option, the firewall log report is stored in a separate file whose path is requested once the Submit button is clicked. Else a web-based report is displayed.
This sub-section contains all the functions used to restrict access and maintain the integrity of MailServ.
Use these functions to put surfing related restrictions in place.
7.1.1
Security : Browsing : Allowed Users
This function helps you to grant / revoke Internet Browsing permission to a User.
To assign permission you can either search for users or click on "Show All" to display all the users on this MailServ.
Look in: Choose whether you want to search the 'Login', 'Name' or 'Designation' data fields of the user.
Criteria: Select the type of search.
'contains' - Looks for the "Search String" anywhere in the user's data fields.
'exact match' - Returns those IDs which exactly matches the "Search String".
'begins with' - Returns those IDs which start with the entered "Search String".
Search String: The keyword / text you want to search for.
Clicking on "Go" / "Show All" will execute the search and provide you the option to assign permissions in the next screen.
Click on "Enable" to grant browsing permissions to a user.
Click on "Disable" to deny browsing permissions to a user.
Click on "Submit" to make the changes effective.
7.1.2
Security : Browsing : Allowed Hosts
This function helps you to grant / revoke Browsing permission from a machine.
Permission for browsing by hosts can be assigned in the following ways:
Allow all and deny selected hosts: Will allow all the hosts other than the ones denied in the list.
Deny all and allow selected hosts: Will Deny all the hosts and allow only the ones allowed in the list.
Hosts are selected by giving the host IP Address.
In the next screen,
Add: Enter the IP address and click on Add.
Remove: Select the IP address and click on Remove.
Click on Apply to save the changes.
NOTE: The proxy needs to be restarted for the changes to take effect.
7.1.3
Security : Browsing : Denied Sites
This function is used to deny users access to certain websites.
Site / URL: Select the criteria for denying access
'begins with' - URL / Site name starts with the string you enter below.
'contains' - URL contains the string anywhere in it.
'ends with' - URL ends with the string you have entered.
The '^' sign indicates URL starting with and the '$' sign indicates URL ending with.
String: You can either type full name / url of the site to be blocked, or you can block multiples sites by specifying the sites having names starting or ending with a string, or containing a string.
Please enter only one string / word.
NOTE: The proxy needs to be restarted for the changes to take effect.
This screen shows the list of domains / email addresses who are under Spam control.
Click on "Add Control" to add a new entry under Spam Control.
Domain / Email: The domain name or email address which has to be put under Spam control.
Action: The control that has been put on the Domain / Email address.
OK: Will act as an exception and accept the email ignoring other rules.
REJECT: Bounce the email back to the sender with a message.
DISCARD: Delete the email but do not bounce back.
RELAY: Allows mail relay from the specified domain / IP.
The MailServ software comes with a basic inbuilt firewall.
To prevent unauthorised access, the MailServ firewall blocks all connections
originating from any other machine outside the local intranet. If you want to
enable access to the MailServ machine, from an IP address that is not a part of
the intranet (external IP address) for a particular port/service, then the same
can be done with the help of this feature.
7.3.1.1 Security : Firewall : Manage : Manage Services
This screen provides a detailed listing (Service Name, Source Port, Destination Port and protocol) of the various services being managed by the firewall.
To add a service, click on Add a Service.
Enter the details of the service in the provided text boxes.
Service Name: A name for the service. Normally the name should be a short description of the function provided by the service.
Source Port: It is the port used by originating packets. Valid range is from 0 to 65535.
Destination Port: It is the port at the remote end at which you wish to connect. Valid range is from 0 to 65535.
Type: Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) to be used by the service.
7.3.1.2 Security : Firewall : Manage : Network Objects
A Network Object is an addendum which can be appended to the firewall rule. A Network, Host, Remote Network or a LAN/WAN inside/outside the existing firewall can be added to your existing firewall.
To add a Net Object, click on Add a Net Object.
Object ID: It should be a unique name by which your Host, Network or Remote Host can be identified with.
Network Number: The Network/IP address of the object, which you are defining needs, should be entered in this text box. For example: If the object is a network then enter the base network address and if it is a host enter the Pull Up IP address of that host.
Netmask: The Network Mask of the particular network should be entered over here. For example: For a host, the value would be 255.255.255.255 whereas for a Network it is the network mask of that particular LAN/WAN (typically 255.255.255.0).
7.3.1.3 Security : Firewall : Manage Rules : Setup Rules
This section allows you to define a set of rules so as to allow/deny IP packets based on the information entered on this page.
To add a new rule click on "Add a new rule."
Source Address: Select the Source IP address you wish to allow/block. For example: The ExternalWorld option allows/blocks all IP addresses originating from outside the network.
Service: Select the type of service you wish to block.
For example: If "anyudp" is selected, packets originating from UDP are allowed/blocked.
Destination Address: Packets to a particular destination can be allowed/blocked using this option.
For example: The ExternalWorld option allows/blocks all IP addresses originating from outside the network.
Action: The options Accept, Deny, Reject define the course of action you wish to take for the rules defined on this page.
Accept: Will allow the packet to pass through.
Deny: Will drop the packet without any notification to the originating object.
Reject: Will drop the packet but a notification will be sent to the originating object.
Log: Specify whether to Enable/Disable logging when the rule is executed.
Status: Enable: Will make a rule active when Firewall is started.
Disable: Will keep a rule but will not activate it even when Firewall is started.
To modify a certain rule, click on modify. Instructions regarding modifying a rule are ditto to adding a new rule.
Once a rule has been setup, it is mandatory to start the firewall if one wishes to implement it. Refer section 7.3.3 (Security: Firewall: Start Firewall) to learn How to Start a Firewall.
7.3.1.4 Security : Firewall : Manage Services : Install Rules
For all previously setup rules to come into effect, they need to be installed. This screen installs all the existing Firewall Rules.
7.3.2 Security : Firewall : Enable
Firewall
This link make is possible to enable and start the firewall.
7.3.3 Security : Firewall : Start
Firewall
Click here if you wish to Install the Rules and Start the Firewall.
7.3.4 Security : Firewall : Stop Firewall
To temporarily disable the firewall, click on this link.
7.3.5 Security : Firewall ; Disable
Firewall
To permanently disable firewall, click on this link.
These are background processes whose execution is necessary for functioning of MailServ.
It shows the current status of the Proxy server running on MailServ.
Click on Start to start the service.
Click on Stop to stop the service.
Click on Restart to stop and start the service.
NOTE: Restarting a service may take some time.
It shows the current status of the LDAP server running on MailServ.
Click on Start to start the service.
Click on Stop to stop the service.
Click on Restart to stop and start the service.
NOTE: Restarting a service may take some time.
It shows the current status of the IMAP / POP server running on MailServ.
Click on Start to start the service.
Click on Stop to stop the service.
Click on Restart to stop and start the service.
NOTE: Restarting a service may take some time.
It shows the current status of the SMTP server running on MailServ.
Click on Start to start the service.
Click on Stop to stop the service.
Click on Restart to stop and start the service.
NOTE: Restarting a service may take some time.
Samba service makes it possible to view Windows files on a Linux machine and vice-versa.
Click on start to start the service.
Click on stop to stop the service.
Click on restart to restart the service.
MILTER is a mail filtering service used to enable/disable features such as Watchdog, Subject Block etc. that exists in MailServ.
Click on start to start the service.
Click on stop to stop the service.
Click on restart to restart the service.
JABBER is an Instant Messenger Server that serves as an effective tool of communication for users within an organisation.
For offices that are separated geographically, users
belonging to the same organisation can communicate to one-another by
subscribing to JABBER.
Click on start to start the service.
Click on stop to stop the service.
Click on restart to restart the service.
NOTE: All the letters / words in bold are the Linux Commands.
For executing the following commands you need to first logon to the MailServ.
Getting the Internet IP address of host
machine:
This can be done by simply typing “/sbin/ifconfig” on the prompt.
If the modem is connected to the Internet, it will show “ppp0” then just get the itnet address of ppp0.
Check connectivity status when modem is
dialing out:
The logs here will show the activities going on while the modem is dialing or connecting to the Internet. This can be seen by typing
“tail -f /var/log/messages” on the prompt.
Type ^c (Ctrl c) to come out.
To check the status of Mails:
Note: Applicable only if using UUCP with Netcore server.
The mail transaction can be seen on the screen by just typing “chk” and pressing enter key.
Type ^c (Ctrl c) to come out.
To get the number of pending mails on
MailServ (At your end):
NOTE: Applicable only if using UUCP with Netcore server.
In the local server just type “ uustat -a | wc -l “ and you will be able to see the number of mails pending on the server at your side yet to be transacted.
To empty disk space:
To check disk space type “df” on the prompt. This command displays the amount of disk space available on the hard disk of MailServ. Shown below is an example of “df” command.
[root@netserv /root]# df
Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda6 758936 426556 293828 59% /
/dev/hda1 132207 2647 122734 2% /boot
/dev/hda5 18153124 2827824 14403172 16% /usr/local
To empty disk space in the server go to /var/log/ directory by typing “cd /var/log”. After that type the following command
> connect.log
> maillog
> diald.log
> messages
> wtmp
> secure
After this give this command “/etc/rc.d/init.d/syslog restart”
This will create some amount of space on the HDD of the server.
To run fsck (File System Check):
This command should be used only in case of improper server shutdown (for eg: power failure.) and on subsequent reboot you are prompted by MailServ machine with error message like “inconsistency on file system run fsck manually”.
Enter the root password, you would be presented with a shell like prompt, give following commands.
Type “ /sbin/fsck -y /dev/hda1 “
Type “ /sbin/fsck -y /dev/hda5 “
Type “ /sbin/fsck -y /dev/hda6 “
Type “ reboot “
Traceroute for packet losses:
If you feel the connectivity to be slow, ping to any site like yahoo.com or any IP address (such as 202.54.1.1) and see if there are any packet losses.Press ^c to quit. You get the statistics when you type ^c
After that do a traceroute by typing
“/usr/sbin/traceroute -n yahoo.com
or
“/usr/sbin/traceroute -n 202.54.1.1”
you can see where the actual packet losses are happening. “ * “ indicates that there is a packet loss at this junction.